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Theft, mutilation and underlining of books
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L161 O-1096

Notes on a Collection of Bermuda

Deep'Sea Fishes

Marion Grey

Associate, Division of Fishes

The fishes recorded in this paper were collected off Bermuda in
July, August, and September, 1948, by an expedition conducted
jointly by Chicago Natural History Museum and the Bermuda
Biological Station. The collecting was done by means of the Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution's vessel, the Caryn.

Like all collections made in deep water, the present one contains
many juvenile specimens. Most of these have been reserved for
future study. Other unreported material consists of damaged speci-
mens and a relatively large number of myctophids and leptocephali
of dubious identity. The myctophids included were identified
largely through use of the key published in 1949 by Fraser-Brunner
(Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 118, pt. 4, pp. 1019-1106).

All information regarding stomach contents, internal parasites,
and internal structures has been supplied by Dr. Lyell J. Thomas,
of the University of Illinois, who examined the fresh specimens.
The photographs were taken by Ronald J. Lambert, Staff Taxi-
dermist, and the drawings were prepared by Margaret G. Brad-
bury, Staff Artist, Department of Zoology.

The list of hauls includes only those producing specimens,
forty- two in all. Of these hauls, five were above 400 meters, twenty-
one between 400 and 1000 meters, sixteen below 1000 meters.

In measurements the total length is given first, followed by the
standard length in parentheses.

The following abbreviations are used in enumerating photo-
phores: BR, branchiostegal photophores; IO, on isthmus; IP, from
isthmus to pectoral fin; BO, between IO and ventral fins; PV,
between pectoral fins and ventral fins; VO or VA, between ventral
fins and anal fin; AC or AO, above anal fin; LO, lateral series.

1 The Bermuda Biological Station, Contribution No. 172.

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GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 269

Family SEARSIDAE
Searsia koefoedi Parr. Figure 45.

Hauls 30, 46; 2 specimens, 31 (28) and 70 (64) mm. Depth of
hauls 730-1100 meters.

Fig. 45. Searsia koefoedi Parr. Haul 46.

Remarks. The stomach of the larger specimen contained dia-
toms, algae, flagellates, and crustaceans.

Family GONOSTOMATIDAE

Bonapartia pedialota Goode and Bean

Hauls 13-16, 23, 28-30, 37, 38, 44, 52, 56, 58, 59, 62; 35 speci-
mens, 11 (9) to 75 (58) mm.

Color. Fresh specimens opaque white with some dark pigment
dorsally; snout translucent; cheeks and iris silvery blue; peritoneum
silver; photophores pearly with light blue iridescence.

Remarks. Although the material at hand is by no means ade-
quate for a study of the vertical distribution of the species, there is
some indication of nightly migration toward the surface, as well as
a suggestion that post-larvae may remain in somewhat deeper water
than older specimens. Of the seven post-larvae six were caught in
depths of 1300-1450 meters and one in 700-800 meters, whereas
only four of the metamorphosed individuals were caught deeper than
1300 meters. Night hauls yielded thirteen specimens from above
and only three below 450 meters, while no specimens were caught
above that depth during the day.

270 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Margrethia obtusirostra Jespersen and Tarring. Figure 46.

Margrethia obtusirostra Jespersen and Taning, 1919, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk

Naturh. Foren., 70: 222, pi. 17, figs. 11, 12.
Margrethia disjuncta Myers, 1934, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 91, no. 9, p. 1.

Hauls 16, 30, 53, 57; 5 specimens, 50 (46), 55 (45) (2 specimens),
17 (13) and 11.5 (10) mm.

Remarks. Three of these specimens, larger than any hitherto
recorded, confirm Myers' suggestion that several of the characters
separating disjuncta from obtusirostra change with growth. Other
differences are apparently a matter of individual variation or the
result of Myers' reliance upon the type figure, which is not detailed.
The most significant difference between the two species, the dis-
junction of the last few BO photophores, is also apparently an adult
character. In older Bermuda specimens the BO photophores are
larger and closer together than in the type, which was only 19 mm.
in standard length, and in position they have become even farther
displaced upward than in disjuncta, the type of which was 31 mm.
in standard length. Myers described the first nine photophores as
being in a straight row, the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth in an
ascending series, and the thirteenth and fourteenth below, on a
level with the first nine. In the large Bermuda specimens the entire
row ascends rather gradually with only the first five perhaps straight
and the last two, as in disjuncta, on a level with the first five. Myers'
statement that obtusirostra lacks a preorbital photophore is incorrect,
for although the organ is scarcely evident in the figure of the type
its presence is noted in the original description.

All five Bermuda specimens were captured in night hauls, the
larger ones in depths between 730 and 1100 meters, the young in
500-550 and 730-820 meters.

Gonostoma elongatum Giinther

Hauls 22, 25, 28, 30, 37, 49, 56; 9 specimens, 73 (63) to 250
(221.5) mm.

Color. The largest specimen, a female from Haul 56, when
fresh had a red spot on each side of the upper jaw, inside; the lu-
minous scales on the caudal peduncle were also red.

Remarks. Three of the specimens were taken at night in depths
between 260 and 820 meters, six during the day in 730-1500 meters.
Only twice were two specimens found in the same net.

A whole copepod and crustacean remains were found in the
stomach of one specimen.

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271

272 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Gonostoma bathyphilum Vaillant

Haul 28; 1 specimen, 115 mm. standard length. Depth of cap-
ture 1280-1370 meters.

Cyclothone braueri Jespersen and Taning

Hauls 13, 14, 16-18, 20, 22-24, 26-30, 36-38, 41, 44-53, 55-60,
62, 63; 1326 specimens, 12 (9.5) to 42 (36) mm.

Remarks. In day hauls 444 specimens were taken in depths
between about 400 and 2000 meters, at night 882 between 250 and
2000 meters. Although the species was caught during daytime
hauls made above a depth of about 800 meters, it was taken in large
numbers only below that depth, whereas at night it seemed to be
more common above than below the 800-meter line.

Cyclothone microdon Gunther

Hauls 15, 24, 26-30, 36-38, 41, 45-52, 55-60, 62, 63; 717 speci-
mens, 16 (14) to 63 (54) mm.

Remarks. Daytime hauls yielded 276 examples from depths of
about 800 to 2000 meters. At night 441 specimens were taken at
all depths between about 250 and 2000 meters. Large numbers
were taken, even at night, only below 1000 meters.

Cyclothone pallida Brauer

Hauls 16, 22, 24, 27, 28, 30, 37, 41, 46, 48, 50, 51, 55-60, 62,

63; 138 specimens, 13 mm. standard length to 59 (53.5) mm.

Remarks. By day 41 specimens were taken in depths between
800 and 2000 meters, at night 97 in depths of 260 to 1400 meters.

The collection contains also 685 damaged or juvenile specimens
belonging either to this species or to C. microdon. Of these, 253
were taken in day hauls at depths between 800 and 2000 meters,
mostly below 900 meters. Night hauls yielded 432 specimens from
depths between about 250 and 2000 meters, but at night the fishes
were more abundant above than below 900 meters, and were com-
mon as high as 275 meters.

Yarrella blackfordi Goode and Bean

Hauls 20, 22, 23, 25-27, 44, 56, 62; 13 specimens, 33 (28) to
57 (50) mm.

Remarks. Of the thirteen specimens six were taken singly, two
in a net on two occasions and three together on one occasion. Eleven

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 273

were caught at night in depths between 260 and 1370 meters, two
during the day in 400 to 450 and in about 1000 meters.

Vinciguerria attenuata Cocco

Hauls 15, 18, 20, 22-30, 36, 37, 41, 44, 46-48, 50-53, 55-60, 62,
63; 128 specimens, 14 (12.5) to 26.5 (22) mm.

Remarks. By day 23 specimens were taken in depths from 400
to 2000 meters, at night 105 in 250 to 2000 meters, most of the latter
in 250 to 800 meters.

There are in all twenty-two metamorphosing examples, most of
them nearing adolescence. Their size, 13 to 15.5 mm. standard
length, is slightly smaller than the range given for metamorphosing
individuals of this species by Jespersen (1934, Faune Ichth. Atl.
Nord, no. 15, 3 figs.). There are five post-larval specimens ranging
in length between 14 (12.5) and 17 (15) mm.

Vinciguerria poweriae Cocco

Hauls 15, 22, 28, 30, 36, 38, 48, 58; 11 specimens, 13 (12) to 41
(34) mm.

Remarks. Two of the specimens were taken in day hauls at
depths of about 1000 and 1280-1370 meters, nine at night in 260-
1000 meters.

Three metamorphosing examples, all nearing adolescence, are
14 mm. in standard length, somewhat smaller than the size range
reported by Jespersen (op. cit.).

Vinciguerria nimbraria Jordan and Williams

Haul 47; 1 specimen, a post-larva 14.5 (12.5) mm. Depth of
capture 2000? meters.

Ichthyococcus ovatus Cocco

Hauls 20, 23, 26, 30, 37, 51; 7 specimens, 12 (10.5) to 42 (34) mm.

Remarks. In view of the variations previously reported for this
species, counts and measurements are given here for the largest
specimen, from Haul 30.

D. 11; A. 15; P. 6; V. 7; L. 1. ca. 36. Photophores: BR 11; 10
7+1; BO 17; VO 8; AO 13; LO 23.

Measurements in millimeters, followed in parentheses by meas-
urements expressed in hundredths of standard length: standard

274 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

length 34, length of head 10 (29.5), greatest depth 10.3 (30.4), tip
of snout to dorsal origin 15 (44.2), tip of snout to ventrals 20 (59.0),
tip of snout to anal origin 25 (73.5), tip of snout to adipose dorsal
24 (70.5), diameter of eye 4 (11.8), length of snout 3 (8.85), base of
dorsal fin 7 (20.6), base of anal ca. 5 (ca. 14.7), base of adipose
dorsal ca. 4 (ca. 11.7), length of ventrals 4.5 (13.4), length of pec-
torals 8 (23.5).

Measurements in hundredths of length of head: diameter of eye
40.0, length of snout 30.0, base of dorsal 70.0, base of anal ca.
50.0, base of adipose ca. 40.0, length of ventrals 45.0, length of
pectorals 80.0.

Depth of capture from 400 to 1100 meters; five specimens
caught singly, two in one net.

Valenciennellus tripunctulatus Esmark

Hauls 23, 28, 29, 52, 56, 58; 6 specimens, 16 (15) to 32 (28) mm.

Color. Largest example, from Haul 52, nearly transparent
when fresh, photophores on head purple. In alcohol, the two post-
larvae are almost colorless, pigment present only in abdominal
region internally and around the developing light organs on head
and abdomen. Specimens 20 and 24 mm. standard length light
brownish along back and upper sides, chromatophores visible but
not obvious. The two largest specimens, 25 and 28 mm. standard
length, pale dorsally and laterally with a row of black spots standing
out in bold relief; abdomen, nape, and head below and behind eye
black; snout and lower jaw transparent.

Remarks. Taken singly, two post-larvae at night in depths from
260 to 275 meters, older specimens between 400 and 1100 meters
at night, from 1280 to 1800 meters during the day.

Family STERNOPTYCHIDAE

Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco

Hauls 13, 20, 22, 24, 26-30, 36, 37, 41, 44, 46, 48, 50, 51, 53-55,

57, 58, 60, 62; 44 specimens, 8.5 (7) to 40 (34) mm.

Remarks. Depth of capture by day 400-3000 meters, at night
260-1450 meters; only larger specimens, over 10 mm. standard
length, taken above 700 meters at any time; one to eight specimens
per net.

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES

275

Table 2. VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF STERNOPTYCHIDAE

Specimens less than 10 mm. long marked by asterisk; daytime captures in
bold-faced type; night captures in light-faced type.

Meters Argyropelecus Argyropelecus Argyropelecus Sternoptyx

hemigymnus aculeatus amabilis diaphana

250-350 2 5

350-450 |2 [4* 3 !*

450-550 J J |2 #

550-650 2 1

(5 \ S

700-800 1* J 1

(2
800-900 8 3 ... ^ 4

[9*

(2 f 3

1000-1100 ] 4 1 10

[ 1* 1 1*

(2 ( 2

Below 1300 \ 3 3* J 3

'* 6*

Argyropelecus aculeatus Cuvier and Valenciennes

Hauls 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29, 44, 51, 56, 58; 23 specimens,
8 (7) to 90.5 (74) mm.

Remarks. Our smallest specimens, from 7 to 8 mm. standard
length, have the two abdominal spines characteristic of the species,
the posterior one directed backward. With growth the anterior
part of the body becomes deeper and the tail relatively shorter.

Youngest stages well pigmented on anterior portion of abdomen
and head; otherwise pale, except for a dark vertical streak at back
of head and two small black areas surrounding developing groups
of photophores on tail.

At standard lengths from 8 to about 10 mm. pigment increased
posteriorly and at 10 mm. only tail and upper anterior portion of
back pale; photophores above anal fin and at base of caudal fin
further developed.

Specimens 15 mm. standard length with black pigment extending
on back to nearly below end of dorsal fin; sides becoming lightly

276 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

pigmented; black vertical bar forming above caudal photophores;
the latter, as well as anal group, now well developed; transparent
bony ridge on under side of caudal peduncle beginning to develop
but not yet serrated.

Specimens 20 mm. standard length with black color on back
extending to above group of anal photophores; bar above caudal
group wider; silver pigment developing on sides of body; still no
serrations on under side of caudal peduncle.

Specimens 25 mm. standard length with area on peduncle be-
tween the two groups of photophores still unpigmented but bar
above caudal group wider; serrations now evident on under side of
tail posteriorly; backwardly directed abdominal spine with a spur.

Specimen 32 mm. standard length still with a small unpigmented
area on peduncle but this region beginning to darken dorsally and
ventrally, leaving only the center pale; serrations on tail stronger;
posterior abdominal spine provided with a spur on this specimen also.

Specimens 35 mm. standard length with pale area on peduncle
still present, although somewhat lessened, more pigment above than
below.

Specimen 36.5 mm. standard length with upper part of peduncle
entirely pigmented but with a small pale area below, between the
two groups of photophores on peduncle; even at 41 mm. a small
pale spot present.

There is a gap in the series between the standard lengths of 41
and 74 mm., the latter specimen being a fully adult ripe female,
apparently a larger specimen than any hitherto recorded. The
adult is black at the posterior end of the peduncle, along the back,
ventrally, and on the head, while the sides of the body and tail
are silver.

All specimens longer than 10 mm. standard length were taken
at night, in depths ranging between 250 and 1100 meters. Two
young examples were caught during the day at a depth of 350-400
meters and three in 1800 meters. From one to four specimens per
net were captured.

Argyropelecus amabilis Ogilby

Hauls 23, 25; 3 specimens, 15.5 mm. standard length to 30
(25.5) mm. Depth of hauls 400-450 meters.

Remarks. Development of pigment is apparently similar to
the pattern found in A. aculeatus. There is, however, no evidence

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 277

of serrations on the ventral keels at a length of 25.5 mm. standard
length.

Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann

Hauls 16, 17, 22, 24, 27, 28, 30, 36-38, 41, 44, 45 or 46, 48, 51,
52, 55, 57, 60, 62, 63; 61 specimens, 7 (5.5) to 42 (32) mm.

Remarks. Only six specimens were taken above a depth of 700
meters either by day or at night. From one to eleven specimens
per net were taken.

The stomach of an example from Haul 52, length 13 (10) mm.,
contained crustacean remains.

Family CHAULIODONTIDAE

Chauliodus sloanei Bloch and Schneider

Hauls 13, 14, 17, 20, 22-24, 27, 29, 30, 36, 37, 41, 45-50, 52, 55,
56, 58-60, 62, 63; 75 specimens, 20 (17) to 259 (239) mm.

Remarks. Thirty-two specimens were caught by day in depths
between 400 and 3000 meters, and forty-three at night in 260-2000
meters, from one to eight specimens per net. No particular con-
clusions can be reached from an analysis of vertical occurrence,
although the few metamorphosing individuals present in the col-
lection were not taken with less than 2000 meters of wire out, the
findings thus agreeing with those of Ege (1948, "Dana" Rep.,
31:113).

The stomach contents of specimens examined internally included
fish remains, algae, eggs, and, in one example, an annelid worm.

Chauliodus danae Regan and Trewavas

Hauls 13, 16, 22, 23, 26, 27, 37, 47-49, 53, 56-58, 60, 62; 35
specimens, 21 (19) to 114 (108) mm.

Color. Freshly preserved specimens black with bronzy reflec-
tions on sides.

Remarks. Six specimens were caught by day in depths from
500 to 1500 meters, and twenty-nine at night in 260-2000 meters,
from one to nine specimens per net. No conclusions can be reached
on vertical distribution with so few specimens at hand. Two of the
few metamorphosing individuals were taken at about 275 meters
below the surface.

278 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

A specimen measuring 107 (98) mm., from Haul 56, was a ripe
female with about 250 mature eggs and some small undeveloped
ones in the ovaries. The stomach contained small crustaceans.

Family ASTRONESTHIDAE

Astronesthes leucopogon Regan and Trewavas

Haul 46; 1 specimen, 29 (24) mm. Depth of haul 730-820 meters.

Neonesthes microcephalus Norman. Figure 47.

Haul 55; 1 specimen, 136 (123) mm. Depth of haul 730-820
meters.

Fig. 47. Neonesthes microcephalus Norman. Haul 55.

Neonesthes macrolychnus Regan and Trewavas

Hauls 56, 58; 2 specimens, 68 (59) and 40 (37) mm. Depth of
hauls 260-275 meters.

Color. Postocular organ and barbel bulb pearly white in fresh
specimens, yellow in preservative.

Family STOMIATIDAE

Stomias boa ferox Reinhardt

Hauls 14-17, 22, 29, 36, 37, 45 or 46, 49, 53, 55, 58, 62; 18 speci-
mens, 32.5 (29) to 65 (61) mm.

Color. Two fresh specimens from Haul 29, standard lengths 58
and 54 mm., grayish above, abdomen black, barbel bulb with a spot
of black proximally and containing a reddish inner body. .

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 279

Remarks. Seven specimens were taken by day in depths be-
tween 730 and 1500 meters, and eleven examples at night from depths
ranging between 260 and 1100 meters. One or two per net were
captured.

Stomias brevibarbatus Ege

Hauls 22, 49; 2 specimens, 103 (96) and ca. 17 mm. standard
length. Depth of hauls 730-820 and 1500 meters.

Color. Fresh, larger specimen quite black, post-orbital organ
yellowish white, barbel whitish, fins transparent.

Macrostomias longibarbatus Brauer. Figure 48.
Haul 23; 1 specimen, 275 (262) mm.

Color. Freshly preserved, bluish black above and below, chiefly
pale on sides, owing probably to missing scales; sides show dark
silvery reflections where scales remain; photophores purple with a
bronze spot above each one.

Remarks. Beebe (1933, Zoologica, 13, no. 8, p. 105, fig. 42)
separated his species M. calosoma from longibarbatus by the fol-
lowing characters: longer and more complicated barbel, greater
depth, fewer V-A photophores, more numerous teeth, slightly larger
eye, slightly longer snout, and a round, not elongate, cheek organ.
His specimen measured 450 mm., considerably longer than other
recorded specimens. Most, if not all, of the differences between the
two species could be due to individual variation, growth changes,
or sexual differences. Further material will be necessary to determine
whether or not the two species are distinct. The present specimen
is like Beebe's only in having fewer V-A photophores. Otherwise
it agrees well with Brauer's description.

D. 14; A. 16; P. 6; V. 4. Photophores: ventral series, I-P 12,
p_V 84, V-A 58, A-C 19; lateral series, P-V 84, V-A 56, 58.

Measurements in millimeters, followed in parentheses by meas-
urements expressed in hundredths of standard length: length of
head 18.5 (7.05), greatest depth 8 (3.05), barbel 130 (49.6), tip of
snout to pectoral 18.5 (7.05), tip of snout to ventral fin 147 (55.7),
diameter of eye 2.5 (0.95), length of snout 3.5 (1.32), interorbital
width 2.5 (0.95), length of lower jaw 18 (6.89), length of upper jaw
16.5 (6.3), length of pectoral 13.5 (5.15), length of ventral 31 (11.8).

Measurements expressed in hundredths of length of head:
greatest depth 43.2, diameter of eye 13.5, length of snout 18.9,

280

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Fig. 48. Macrostomias longibarbatus Brauer. Haul 23. Below, head and
anterior portion of body.

interorbital width 13.5, length of lower jaw 97.0, length of upper
jaw 89.0, length of pectoral 73.0.

Nostrils large and prominent, situated immediately in front of
eye; membrane surrounding freshly preserved specimen jelly-like
in consistency, after long preservation appearing as fin-folds pre-
ceding dorsal and anal fins.

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 281

The present specimen, described above, was taken at night at a
depth of 400-450 meters. The only known specimen of M. calosoma
Beebe was caught off Bermuda in 600 fathoms. The two types of
M. longibarbatus were taken in the Indian Ocean off North Africa
in 1213 meters and in the Gulf of Guinea at 1800 meters. Other
records of longibarbatus are as follows: Norman (1930, Disc. Rep.,
2: 315), one specimen, Gulf of Guinea, 850-950 meters; Murray
and Hjort (1912, Depths Ocean, pp. 94, 612), from two stations in
the eastern central Atlantic; Borodin (1931, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 72: 65), two specimens, 41 28' N. Lat., 43 29' W. Long.,
700-800 fathoms.

Family MELANOSTOMIATIDAE

Chirostomias pliopterus Regan and Trewavas

Hauls 15, 18; 2 specimens, 125 (118) and 103 (96) mm. Depth
of hauls 260-275 meters.

Color. Freshly preserved specimens black generally with bronze
iridescence laterally and some bluish-green iridescent spots above
the upper row of photophores anteriorly; cheeks bronze; photo-
phores silver; barbel jet black, bulb whitish, filaments yellow;
vertical fins and ventrals dusky; pectoral rays black proximally,
white or lemon yellow distally, swellings lemon yellow.

Bathophilus metallicus Welsh

Hauls 13, 14, 18, 22, 25, 59; 7 specimens, 29 (27) to 129 (122) mm.

Color. Fresh specimens generally black, with bronze iridescence;
postorbital yellow; barbel white; all fins colorless; photophores
inconspicuous.

Remarks. Two specimens were caught in day hauls made in
depths of 500-730 meters, and five at night in 260-1460 meters.

Echiostoma tanneri Gill

Hauls 17, 41, 48; 3 specimens, 228 (213), 300 (276.5), and ca.
300 (279) mm.

Color. The two larger specimens, fresh, both mature males,
dull purplish black, on each side of back a longitudinal whitish
speckled band that was not visible when the specimens were taken
from the water; vertical bands on sides composed of small shiny
black spots, a similar longitudinal band along sides below, between

282 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

the two rows of photophores. Fins red, especially the caudal; rays
all brownish black basally, pale distally with some pigment spots;
thickened prolonged pectoral ray shiny black. Teeth transparent,
with opaque whitish material inside bases of some. Postorbital
mauve or deep lavender-rose. Terminal threads of barbel red; this
color and the red of the fins disappeared immediately when the
specimens were placed in formalin. The smaller specimen, also
fresh, an adolescent male, velvety bluish black in color. Fins as in
larger examples but not so noticeably red. Postorbital lavender-
blue anteriorly, silvery-white posteriorly. Barbel stem black
basally, white just posterior to the bulbs, proximal bulb grayish
brown, distal bulb pinkish, tendrils pinkish.

Remarks. The smallest specimen was taken in a day haul at a
depth of 730-820 meters; the two larger ones were captured at night
in 500-550 meters.

Eustomias bibulbosus Pan-
Haul 15; 1 specimen, 131 (125) mm. Depth of haul 260-275
meters.

Eustomias obscurus Vaillant

Haul 38; 1 specimen, 126 (120) mm. Depth of haul 500-550
meters.

Color. When fresh, barbel stem translucent, inner core with a
sprinkling of black pigment spots; bulb translucent with a slight
yellowish tinge and a small reddish inner body.

Eustomias bigelowi Welsh. Figure 49.

Haul 39; 1 specimen, 102.5 mm. standard length. Depth of
haul 200 meters.

Color. After twenty-four hours in formalin, barbel bulb pea
green. Specimen an adult male.

Eustomias schmidti Regan and Trewavas

Haul 55; 1 specimen, 63 (60) mm. Depth of haul 730-820
meters.

Photonectes dinema Regan and Trewavas

Haul 28; 1 specimen, 41 (39) mm. Depth of haul 1280-1370
meters.

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES

283

Fig. 49. Eustomias bigelowi Welsh. Haul 39.

Family MALACOSTEIDAE

Photostomias guernei Collett

Hauls 16-18, 27, 37, 50, 52, 56, 58, 62, 63; 15 specimens, 49
(46) to 133 (124) mm.

Color. In specimens freshly preserved in formalin, light organs
on head and tendon connecting symphysis to hyoid arch white;
teeth white except anterior pair of fangs in lower jaw, which are
black basally, white distally. Before preservation the postorbital
was pink or reddish.

Remarks. Eight specimens were taken by day in depths from
730 to 3000 meters, and seven at night at depths between 260 and
1370 meters (five of these in 260-275 meters), one or two specimens
per net.

The largest example, from Haul 26, was a mature male with
active spermatozoa. In the body cavity, above the stomach,
was a highly vascular sac, in which appeared to be numerous
ova in various stages of cleavage. The stomach contained fish
bones.

Family IDIACANTHIDAE

Idiacanthus fasciola Peters

Hauls 41, 56, 58, 62; 4 specimens, 140 (135) to 190 (184) mm.

Remarks. One specimen was taken in a day haul, ca. 1000
meters, and three were taken at night in 260-550 meters.

284 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Family WINTERIIDAE

Rhynchohyalus natalensis Gilchrist and von Bonde

Hyalorhynchus natalensis Gilchrist and von Bonde, 1924, Rep. Fish. Mar.
Biol. Survey So. Afr., 3, no. 7, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 1.

Rhynchohyalus natalensis Barnard, 1925, Ann. So. Afr. Mus., 21: 130; Smith,
1949, Sea Fishes So. Afr., p. 97; Grey, 1952, Copeia, 1952: 88; Hubbs,
1953, Copeia, 1953: 96.

Ophthalmopelton macropus Maul, 1946, Bol. Mus. Mun. Funchal, 2, no. 3,
p. 62, fig. 23; Grey, 1952, Copeia, 1952: 88, fig. 1.

Haul 13 or 14; 1 specimen, 112 (94) mm. Depth of haul 500-550

or 730 meters.

This specimen has been previously recorded and described.

Family BATHYLAGIDAE

Bathylagus glacialis Regan

Haul 22; 1 specimen, 43.5 (40) mm. Depth of haul 730-820
meters.

Family SCOPELARCHIDAE

Scopelarchus anale Brauer

Hauls 27, 55; 2 specimens, 38 (31) and 48 (39) mm. Depth of
hauls 1280-1370 and 730-820 meters.

Color. In freshly preserved specimen head and body white, the
black peritoneum showing through anteriorly; eye black, pupil
white; some black pigment on top of head; faint duskiness along
back and on dorsal fin; pectoral black.

Family EVERMANNELLIDAE

Evermannella atrata atlantica Pan-
Hauls 52, 62; 2 specimens, 22.5 (19.5) and 34 (30) mm. Depth
of hauls 1800? and 1000-1100 meters.

Evermannella balbo Risso

Haul 25; 2 specimens, 33.5 (31) and 36 (33.5) mm. Depth of
haul 400-450 meters.

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 285

Evermannella indica melanoderma Parr. Figure 50.

Hauls 46, 56, 57; 3 specimens, 80 (72.5), 90 (79), and 85 (74)
mm. Depth of hauls 260-820 meters.

Color. In fresh specimens body color gray owing to a heavy
sprinkling of black pigment on light background; belly and caudal

Fig. 50. Evermannella indica melanoderma Parr. Haul 56.

peduncle darker; fins dusky, caudal and adipose darker; bases of
vertical fins black; sides iridescent; eyes pale green above, silver on
sides, bluish-purple reflections on lower portion; lower jaw and
upper jaw posteriorly white with black pigment dots; greenish iri-
descence below eye, on lower posterior part of opercle and on pos-
terior half of lower jaw.

Remarks. The stomach contents of two specimens included
remains of myctophids.

Family MYCTOPHIDAE

Hygophum benoiti Cocco

Hauls 16, 22, 26-28, 30, 37, 38, 41, 44, 45, 48, 50, 58, 59, 62;
111 specimens, 11 (10) to 28 (23.5) mm.

Remarks. All specimens young, taken principally in night hauls,
only once (four examples) above a depth of 400-450 meters; from
one to twenty-four were taken per net.

Hygophum reinhardti Liitken

Hauls 50, 55; 2 specimens, ca. 11 mm. standard length and 28
(23) mm. Depth of hauls 3100 and 730-820 meters.

286 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Hygophum macrochir Gunther

Haul 37; 1 specimen, 34.5 (31) mm. Depth of haul 730-820
meters.

Hygophum hygomi Lutken

Hauls 14, 22, 29, 30, 37, 58; 6 specimens, 20 (18.5) to 63.5
(52.5) mm.

Remarks. One specimen taken at night in 260-275 meters, the
others in 730-1100 meters in both day and night hauls.

Diogenichthys atlanticus Taning

Hauls 16, 17, 22-30, 36, 37, 41, 44-49, 51, 55-60, 62, 63; 163
specimens, 11.5 (9) to 22 (19.5) mm.

Remarks. An abundant species, taken only at or below 700-800
meters by day and infrequently above that depth even at night.
From one to twenty- two specimens were taken per haul. The speci-
mens include adults of both sexes as well as metamorphosing indi-
viduals and post-larvae.

Gonichthys cocco Cocco

Hauls 22, 26, 27, 37, 48, 57, 59; 9 specimens, 19 (15.5) to 30
(26) mm.

Remarks. Caught once in a day haul, 730-820 meters, otherwise
at night in 500-1460 meters.

Centrobranchus nigro-ocellatum Gunther

Hauls 44, 60; 2 specimens, 17 (15) and 15 (13.5) mm. Depth of
hauls 400-550 meters.

Diaphus dofleini Zugmayer

Hauls 13, 16, 18, 20, 22-30, 36, 37, 39, 52, 56, 58; 72 specimens,
15.5 (13) to 41 (37) mm.

Color. In fresh specimens cheeks iridescent silvery blue, eyes
red. Area above anal fin pinkish. Photophores violet blue. Liver
pink.

Remarks. Only five specimens were taken in hauls made above
a depth of 400 meters and these at night. From one to thirty-six
per net were taken.

In one specimen from Haul 52 the stomach and intestine held
remains of copepods.

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 287

Diaphus gemellari Cocco

Hauls 14, 16; 2 specimens, 36.5 (31) mm. Depth of hauls
730-820 meters.

Diaphus metopoclampus Cocco. Figure 51.

Hauls 16, 22, 48; 3 specimens, 83.5 (70.5), 89 (76), and 83 (73)
mm. Depth of hauls 500-820 meters.

Fig. 51. Diaphus metopoclampus Cocco. Haul 16.

Color. In fresh specimens body black or brownish black with
metallic bluish iridescence. Fins dusky. Eye silver, iris golden.
Large light organs on head pearly white. Body photophores brilliant
metallic blue. Suprapectoral luminous patch whitish.

Remarks. The luminous organs on the head of the specimen
from Haul 16 were aglow when it was brought aboard and they
continued to luminesce when the fish was placed in sea water.

Dr. Lyell J. Thomas found the specimen from Haul 48 to be a
ripe female with some of the eggs in cleavage. A few of these eggs
were kept at a temperature of 8-10 C. for five days, during which
time they continued their development. Crustacean remains were
found in the stomach.

Diaphus fulgens Brauer

Hauls 22, 58; 3 specimens, 14.5 (12) to 18.5 (15.5) mm. Depth
of hauls 730-820 and 260-275 meters.

288 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Notolychnus valdiviae Brauer

Hauls 18, 20, 22, 23, 25-27, 30, 41, 46, 48, 49, 55-57, 60, 63;
42 specimens, 10 (8.5) to 25 (22) mm.

Remarks. Caught principally between 400 and 800 meters.
From one to six per net.

Lampadena minima Taning

Haul 30; 1 specimen, 40 (33) mm. Depth of haul 1000-1100
meters.

Color. In fresh specimen body intense black except where scales
have been lost. Infracaudal luminous plate brilliant pearly white.

Lampadena bathyphila Taning

Hauls 36, 49, 57, 59; 5 specimens, 42 (38.5) to 65 (59) mm.
Depth of hauls 730-820 and 1000-1500 meters.

Lampadena chavesi Collett

Haul 41; 1 specimen, 24.5 (21.5) mm. Depth of haul 500-550
meters.

Lampanyctus ater Taning

Hauls 15, 24, 28, 38, 45, 46, 55, 59, 62; 12 specimens, 44.5 (38.5)
to 105.5 (94) mm.

Remarks. Taken in three day hauls made between 1000 and
1370 meters and in six night hauls, once in 260-275 meters, otherwise
below 500 meters. From one to two specimens per net were taken.

Lampanyctus cuprarius Taning

Hauls 15-18, 22-25, 28-30, 36, 37, 41, 45-48, 51, 55-59, 62, 63;
69 specimens, 45 (38) to 82 (72.5) mm.

Remarks. Caught above a depth of 400 meters in only four
night hauls. From one to seven specimens per net were taken.

Three of the specimens are females with ripe eggs. In one of
these examples spermatozoa were present in the reproductive system
and some of the comparatively small number of eggs showed develop-
ment. A male from the same haul contained active spermatozoa.

The stomachs of four specimens examined contained remains of
flagellates, crustaceans, and fish vertebrae.

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 289

Lampanyctus taaningi Pan-
Haul 45; 1 specimen, 33.5 (29) mm. Depth of haul 2000? meters.

Lampanyctus pusillus Johnson

Hauls 16-18, 20, 22-27, 30, 36-39, 41, 45, 46, 48-52, 55-60, 62,
63; 124 specimens, 16 (12.5) to 41 (36) mm.

Remarks. Most of the specimens were caught at depths below
400 meters but some were taken in four of the five hauls made above
that depth. From one to fifteen specimens per net were taken.

Lampanyctus alatus Goode and Bean

Haul 62; 1 specimen, 59.5 (50) mm. Depth of haul 1000-1100
meters.

Lampanyctus supralateralis Pan-
Hauls 41, 48, 55; 3 specimens, ca. 15 mm. standard length to
51.5 (45) mm. Depth of hauls 500-820 meters.

Lampanyctus photothorax Pan

Hauls 16, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 37, 38, 41, 45-47, 56-59, 62, 63;
60 specimens, 12.5 (11) to 59 (49) mm.

Remarks. Caught only twice above a depth of 400 meters, at
night. From one to nine specimens per net were taken.

Family EURYPHARYNGIDAE

Eurypharynx pelecanoides Vaillant

Hauls 49, 52, 55, 59, 62, 63; 10 specimens, 142-540 mm. total
length.

Remarks. One specimen was caught at a depth of 730-820
meters, others between 1000 and 1500-1800 meters. From one to
four specimens per net were taken.

An example from Haul 49, length 456 mm., and one from Haul
63, 540 mm., were males in breeding condition. A few remains of
fishes and crustaceans were found in the digestive tracts.

The structure at the tip of the tail was red or pink in fresh
specimens.

290 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Leptocephalus pseudolatissimus Bertin

Haul 30; 1 specimen, 30 mm. total length. Depth of haul 1000-
1100 meters.

Family not Determined

Leptocephalus splendens Lea

Leptocephalus splendens Lea, 1913, Rep. Sci. Res. M. Sars No. Atl. Deep-sea

Exp., 1910, 3, no. 1, p. 29, pi. 4, fig. 2, text fig. 19.
Leptocephalus sp. Murray and Hjort, 1912, Depths Ocean, p. 86, fig. 66.
Leptocephalus sp. (Coll. Monaco E) Roule, 1914, Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco,

292: 7; 1919, Res. Camp. Sci. Monaco, 52: 104, pi. 7, figs. 5, 5b.
Leptocephalus roulei d'Ancona, 1928, Mem. R. Com. Talass. Ital., 146: 113.
Leptocephalus splendens d'Ancona, 1928, Mem. R. Com. Talass. Ital., 146: 116.

Hauls 25, 41; 2 specimens, 78 and 86.5 mm. total length. Depth
of hauls 400-550 meters.

Remarks. The following table indicates that the four known
specimens belong to a single species.

Total
length
Author mm.

Depth
mm.

Snout to
vent
mm.

Head
mm.

Eye
mm.

Myomeres

Lea (1913) 56

8 (14.3%)

81+54 = 135

Caryn ... 78
(Haul 25)

10 (12.8%)

4.5(5.8%)

77+52 = 129

Caryn ... 86.5
(Haul 41)

11 (12.7%)

62 (71.6%)

5.5 (6.3%)

2.1

76 + 56 = 132

Roule. . . 117
(1914, 1919)

17 (14.5%)

83 (71.0%)

6.5(5.5%)

2.5

75 + 50 = 125

The "telescopic" eye described and figured by Roule (1919,
Res. Camp. Sci. Monaco, 52, pi. 7, fig. 5, a) apparently develops
with growth. The eye is not "telescopic" in our larger specimen but
it is more prominent than in the smaller one, or in Lea's specimen
(1913, Rep. Sci. Res. M. Sars No. Atl. Deep-sea Exp., 3, no. 1,
fig. 19). It encroaches upon the upper profile of the head and is
very like the eye as figured by Roule. In form and pigmentation
all examples appear to be identical.

Family DERICHTHYIDAE

Derichthys serpentinus Gill

Hauls 29, 62; 2 specimens, 241.5 (ripe female) and 205 mm.
total length. Depth of hauls 1000-1100 meters.

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 291

Family NESSORHAMPHIDAE

Nessorhamphus ingolfianus Schmidt

Haul 22; 1 specimen, 156 mm. total length. Depth of haul
730-820 meters.

Family SERRIVOMERIDAE

Serrivomer beani Gill and Ryder

Hauls 55, 57; 3 specimens, 158, 159, and 220 mm. total length.
Depth of hauls 730-820 meters.

Serrivomer brevidentatus Roule and Bertin

Haul 62; 1 specimen, 475.5 mm. total length. Depth of haul
1000-1100 meters.

Family NEMICHTHYIDAE

Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson

Haul 37; 1 specimen, ca. 200 mm. total length. Depth of haul
730-820 meters.

Remarks. The collection contains several larval and metamor-
phosing specimens identifiable with this species according to current
synonymies. However, the developmental stages of closely related
species are still unknown and it seems unwise to assign all of these
juveniles to Nemichthys.

Family CYEMIDAE

Cyema atrum Gunther

Hauls 46, 63; 3 specimens, total lengths 39, 37, and 111 mm.

Remarks. The two smaller specimens are larvae, one from each
haul. Depth of hauls 730-820 and 1280-1370 meters. The adult
example was from the latter depth.

Family GADIDAE

Melanonus unipennis Beebe

Haul 22; 1 specimen, 84 (75) mm. Depth of haul 730-820 meters.

292 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Color. Fresh specimen brownish black, head darker, fins all
dusky.

Family DIRETMIDAE

Diretmus argenteus Johnson. Figure 52.

Haul 62; 1 specimen, 38 (34) mm. Depth of haul 1000-1100
meters.

Fig. 52. Diretmus argenteus Johnson. Haul 62.

Family ANOPLOGASTRIDAE

Anoplogaster cornuta Valenciennes. Figure 53.

Hoplostethus cornutus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833, Hist.
Nat. Poiss., 9: 470 western Atlantic, ca. 26 S.

Anoplogaster cornutus Giinther, 1859, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 1: 12; 1887,
Rep. Sci. Res. Voy. Challenger, Zool., 22: 25; Liitken, 1878, K. Danske
Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl., 1877: 181, pi. 5, figs. 4-7; Goode and Bean,

1895, Ocean. Ichthyol., pp. 184, 185, fig. 203; Jordan and Evermann,

1896, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 47: 840; Borodin, 1931, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 72: 81; Parr, 1933, Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., 3, (6), p. 10,
fig. 5; Roule, 1935, Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco, 674: 5; Beebe, 1937,
Zoologica, 22: 206; Yabuta, 1953, Contr. Nankai Reg. Fish. Res. Lab.,
1, (15), p. 2; Maul, 1954, Bol. Mus. Mun. Funchal, 7, (17), p. 30, figs.
10, 11.

Caulolepis longidens Gill, 1883, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6: 258; Giinther,
1887, Rep. Sci. Res. Voy. Challenger, Zool., 22: 26; Goode and Bean,

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 293

1895, Ocean. Ichthyol., p. 185, fig. 204; Jordan and Evermann, 1896,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 47: 839; Gilbert, 1898, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 21:
565; 1905, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm, 1903: 616; Bean, 1898, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 21: 639; Brauer, 1906, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutschen Tiefsee
Exp. Valdivia, 15, (1), p. 286, pi. 12, fig. 4; Zugmayer, 1911, Res. Camp. Sci.
Monaco, 35: 102, pi. 5, fig. 3; Roule and Angel, 1933, Res. Camp.
Sci. Monaco, 86: 83; Osorio, 1917, Arch. Univ. Lisboa, 4 (not seen);
Norman, 1930, Disc. Rep., 2: 347; Borodin, 1931, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
72: 81; Parr, 1933, Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., 3, (6), p. 10; de
Buen, 1936, Not. Res. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., (2), 94: 156; Fowler, 1936,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 70: 1267, fig. 543; Beebe, 1937, Zoologica,
22: 206; Schroeder, 1940, Copeia, 1940: 237; Maul, 1954, Bol. Mus. Mun.
Funchal, 7, (17), p. 35, fig. 12.
Caulolepis subulidens Garman, 1899, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 24: 60, 360,
pis. B, 12, 72, fig. 1.

Hauls 29, 37, 49, 61; 4 specimens, ?, 21 (19), 26.5 (21.5), and
160 mm. standard length.

Color. Adult, fresh specimen uniform blackish brown, buccal
cavity black, iris blue. Young specimens silvery before preservation;
after twenty-four hours in formalin, body uniform light blue-gray
fading to colorless on caudal peduncle; head and fins colorless; on
flattened abdomen a patch of black pigment starting at isthmus as a
narrow strip that widens posteriorly and ends below ventral bases;
a narrow black bar crossing abdomen about halfway between ventral
bases and vent; abdomen of 26.5 (21.5) mm. specimen sprinkled else-
where with black dots.

Remarks. Dr. E. Bertelsen (1953, in litt.) has written that
material collected by the Dana during her several voyages shows
Anoplogaster cornuta to be the young of Caulolepis longidens, and
the identity of the two forms is clearly seen in an examination of
the four specimens taken by the Caryn and the following examples
of intermediate size from the collection of Chicago Natural History
Museum :

One specimen, standard length 90 mm., Oregon Station no. 796,
29 10' N., 87 55' W., Gulf of Mexico, June 12, 1953, 40-ft. otter
trawl, depth 900-1100 meters.

Four specimens, standard lengths 81, 78, 77, and 76 mm. Madeira.

The two largest examples seen, 160 and 90 mm. standard length,
are typical Caulolepis; the others would be identified with Anoplo-
gaster. Changes occurring with growth account for the differences
hitherto separating the two forms, as follows:

(1) The body is triangular in cross section in very young speci-
mens such as the three taken by the Caryn off Bermuda and becomes

294 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

evenly compressed with growth as seen in the Madeiran specimens
and the two adult examples. The tail is compressed at all ages,
resulting in a somewhat misplaced anal fin in the small specimens
with flattened bellies the "essential skewness" described by Parr
(1933).

(2) In descriptions of young specimens the scales have been said
to be absent or reduced, or the skin covered with rough tubercles.
Actually the tubercles are incipient scales. Dr. Edward M. Nelson,
of Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, has carefully
examined the scales of most of the specimens recorded here and
finds them to be identical in structure, although in different stages
of development.

(3) The series at hand and various published figures show
immediately that the long cephalic and preopercular spines are
typical of young examples. In adults these spines are short and
stubby.

(4) In the young there is a single row of small uniform teeth in
both jaws. As growth proceeds, a few slightly larger teeth appear
until eventually the characteristic fangs develop. These fangs are
depressible in the young Madeiran examples, fixed in the two
adults. Most of the small teeth disappear in time but in the largest
example at hand a few are still present on the posterior portion of
the upper jaw, behind all of the larger teeth; and in the 90 mm.
adult from the Gulf of Mexico a few small teeth are also present in
the upper jaw between the fangs, as well as in the posterior portion
of both upper and lower jaws. All four Madeiran examples have a
single row of small uniform teeth with the anterior fangs developed,
but very short, in both jaws.

(5) The most distinguishing feature separating adult from young,
besides the enormous fangs, is a difference in color. Typical Caulo-
lepis are uniform brownish black, typical Anoplogaster largely bluish
gray with a few distinctive black markings ventrally. The two
larger Madeiran specimens are darker generally than the other
young examined. Minute black pigment spots are visible in the
skin of all the young but these are more concentrated in the larger
ones.

Bertelsen (1953, in litt.) wrote that the Dana, at Station 3997,
north of St. Helena, with 600 meters of wire out, took, in the same
haul, two specimens, one a typical adult, color brownish black, its
standard length 76 mm., and another 72 mm. standard length, its
color a lighter brown than the first specimen but not as light as that

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES

295

Fig. 53. Anoplogaster cornula Valenciennes,
below; haul 49.

Adult, above; haul 61. Young,

of a typical Anoplogaster. The fangs of both of these fishes, while
developed, are relatively short and all depressible. These two speci-
mens, which I have not seen, help to complete the growth picture.

Of the numerous specimens, mostly young stages, reported by
Maul (1954) from Madeira, the largest juvenile was 88 mm., the
smallest adult stage 83 mm. in standard length. Reports thus
indicate that the black color of the adult is developed between the

296 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

standard lengths of 76 and 90 mm., while the compressed body
form is acquired earlier and the characteristic dentition later. None
of the specimens referred by Maul to A. cornuta were sexually mature.

Dr. Nelson, who has been making a study of the air-bladder
structure of berycoid fishes, found a very small air-bladder present
in the small Bermuda specimen from Caryn Haul 37 but none
at all in the adult from Haul 61, nor in two of the Madeiran ex-
amples.

A. cornuta reaches a standard length of at least 160 mm. It is
apparently a bathypelagic species. It is known from numerous speci-
mens reported from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean from about
44 N. to about 46 S. and, in the Pacific, from the Gulf of Panama,
off southern California, Hawaii, and the Bonin Islands. Young
stages have been caught between 45 and 3084 meters, adults in
900-4900 meters. According to Maul (1954) A. cornuta is at certain
times of the year very common at Madeira in about 50 to 100
fathoms, while the adult (Caulolepis) apparently lives in considerably
deeper water.

The young specimen from Caryn Haul 29 is incomplete, measuring
5 mm. to the end of the dorsal fin, beyond which the body is missing.
The adult, from Haul 61, is a female with proportionately large
ovaries containing numerous small eggs in various stages of develop-
ment. The fish lived for five hours in a dish of iced sea water that
was too shallow to permit an upright position. When transferred
to deeper but somewhat warmer water, it died immediately.

Family MELAMPHAIDAE

Melamphaes microps Gunther

Hauls 16, 22, 23, 28-30, 36-39, 41, 44, 47, 51, 56, 60, 62, 63;
41 specimens, 9.5 mm. standard length to 30 (25.5) mm.

Remarks. Taken in day hauls between 730 and 1370 meters,
at night in 200-2000? meters, but chiefly above 1000 meters.

Melamphaes opisthopterus Parr

Hauls 30, 36, 38, 45, 46, 48, 55, 57, 59, 62, 63; 17 specimens,
16 (14) to 39.5 mm. standard length.

Remarks. Caught in 1000-1370 meters by day, 500-2000?
meters at night.

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 297

Melamphaes robustus Giinther

Hauls 15, 18, 22, 25, 26, 30, 50, 52; 17 specimens, 15 (12) to 32
(27.5) mm.

Remarks. Three of the hauls were made during the day at depths
between 1000 and 3500 meters, others at night from 400 to 1000
meters.

Melamphaes mizolepis Giinther

Hauls 24, 38, 63; 6 specimens, 35.5 (29) to 62.5 (52.5) mm.
Depth of hauls 500-1370 meters.

Fig. 54. Melamphaes anthrax Osorio. Haul 36.

Melamphaes anthrax Osorio. Figure 54.

Hauls 18, 36, 37; 3 specimens, 42 (36.5), 52 (45), and 65 (54)
mm. Depth of hauls 260-1100 meters.

Remarks. These specimens have been recorded (Copeia, in

press).

Family CHIASMODONTIDAE

Chiasmodon niger pluriradiatus Pan-
Haul 50; 1 specimen, 145 (122) mm. Depth of haul 3100 meters.
Remarks. The stomach contained pieces of glass-sponge, pos-
sibly swallowed in the net, which reached bottom.

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FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Fig. 55. Nesiarchus nasutus Johnson. Haul 22.

Family GEMPYLIDAE

Nesiarchus nasutus Johnson. Figure 55.

Nesiarchus nasutus Coelho, 1942, Trav. Stat. Biol. Marit. Lisbonne, 46: 53;
Grey, 1953, Copeia, 1953: 135 (full synonymy); Lozano Rey, 1953,
Mem. R. Acad. Cien. Madrid, Ser. Cien. Nat., 14: 546, pi. 42, fig. 4;
Brandes, Kotthaus and Krefft, 1954, Ann. Biol. Cons. Perm. Int. Explor.
Mer, 9: 47-48; Voss, 1954, Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribbean, 4, (2), p. 124;
Rost, 1954, Troms0 Mus., Astarte, 7: 1.

Hauls 22, 48, 57, 60; 6 specimens, 326 (287) to 830 (737) mm.
Depth of hauls 500-550 and 730-820 meters.

Family TRICHIURIDAE

Benthodesmus simonyi Steindachner

Benthodesmus simonyi Tucker, 1953, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 123: 180,
pi. 2, fig. 4 and pi. 3, fig. 6 (full synonymy).

Haul 20; 1 specimen, 228 (221) mm. Depth of haul 400-450
meters.

Color. In fresh specimen body and most of head uniform silvery;
snout dusky, black at tip; mandible black, cartilaginous projection
colorless; fins colorless; eye light silvery blue.

Family TETRAGONURIDAE

Tetragonurus atlanticus Lowe

Haul 20; 1 specimen, 66 (52.9) mm. Depth of haul 400-450
meters.

GREY: BERMUDA DEEP-SEA FISHES 299

Color. Fresh specimen dark gray with greenish-blue reflections
on cheeks and sides.

Family MELANOCETIDAE

Melanocetus murrayi Gunther

Hauls 27, 41; 2 specimens, a female 49 (40) mm. and a larval
female about 5 (3.5) mm. Depth of hauls 1280-1370 (adult) and
500-550 meters (larva).

Color. Larger specimen, freshly preserved, brownish above,
abdomen and tail blackish brown; illicium stem pale, esca dark
brown with whitish tip.

Family ONEIRODIDAE

Lophodolus acanthognathus Regan

Haul 51; 1 specimen, 14 (9.5) mm. Depth of haul 730-820
meters.

Family CERATIIDAE

Cryptopsaras couesi Gill

Hauls 16, 30, 38, 45, 58, 59; 6 specimens: 3 females 28 (21.5)
to 57 (45) mm. and 3 larval or metamorphosing males 6.5 (4.5)
to 9 (6.5) mm.

Remarks. The metamorphosed specimens were caught between
500 and 2000? meters, the young in about 275 and 1000-1460
meters.

The stomach of the specimen from Haul 45, length 29 (23)
mm., contained five whole ostracods, the posterior end of a large
copepod and remains of red crustaceans.

Edriolychnus schmidti Regan

Haul 63; 1 specimen, 35 (25.5) mm. Depth of haul 1280-1370
meters.

Color. Fresh specimen opaque white inside the transparent
outer skin, peritoneum jet black; black pigment forming on caudal
peduncle; iris blue; pupil black; a few minute, scattered black dots
dorsally on outer skin; esca black except on top where a white area
extends downward posteriorly in a narrow band.

300 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Remarks. This is a young fish with a sessile illicium, of which
only the esca protrudes through the skin. It was alive when cap-
tured.

Linophryne bicornis Parr. Figure 56.

Haul 24; 1 specimen, 42 (28.5) mm. Depth of haul 1000-1100
meters.

Description. Teeth loose, easily lost; a pair on vomer; upper
jaw with a pair of long fangs anteriorly, a smaller pair somewhat
behind these, and five shorter teeth on each side; lower jaw with
an anterior pair of fangs followed by a longer pair (an extra fang
on left side) and four smaller teeth on each side. Globular esca
outwardly transparent except at base, where there is some black
pigment; inner core black with a yellowish- white distal area; lateral
filaments white, constricted a short way from tips; 1 illicium stem
black. Barbel stem black except at distal end ; nodules and filaments
at tip all white.

Measurements in millimeters, followed in parentheses by meas-
urements expressed in hundredths of standard length, first for
CNHM no. 49638, secondly for the type, also from Bermuda, the
latter measurements based on those reported by Parr (1927, Bull.
Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., 3, Art. 1, p. 9, fig. 2): length of lower
jaw 14.5 (51.0, 40.7), snout to base of preopercular spine 15 (52.6,
48.2), diameter of eye 3 (10.5, 9.25), length of preopercular spine
2.5 (8.77, 11.1), length of sphenotic spine 3 (10.5, ), illicium
stem 5 (17.5, 14.8), height of esca 4 (14.0, ), width of esca
4 (14.0, ), lateral filaments 4.5 and 5 (15.8 and 17.5, ), length of
barbel 20 (70.3, ), barbel stem 9 (31.6, ).

Remarks. This is the second known specimen of the species.
It was taken from the net in perfect condition but became flattened
and somewhat distorted in shape during shipment.

Linophryne arborifera Regan

Haul 60; 1 specimen, 40.5 (27) mm. Depth of haul 500-550
meters.

Color. Fresh, body jet black; fins, cephalic spines, and teeth
white; near tip of each outer caudal ray a short oblong patch of
tissue (luminous?), similar streaks on dorsal and anal fins; basal
part of esca black, distal area yellowish with a pearly white organ

1 Jointed ends probably broken off in type.

IS

a

ffl

301

302 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

superimposed upon it. The specimen was brought to the surface
alive, at which time the esca glowed with a steady white light
when the fish was handled, the light disappearing when the fish
was returned to water.